Floristic composition, biological spectrum, and phytogeographic distribution of the Bin Dara Dir, in the western boundary of Pakistan

This study assessed the floristic composition, biological spectrum, and phytogeographical elements of Bin Dara western boundary Pakistan. The flora consisted 140 plant species belonging to 47 families. most dominant family was Poaceae (with 14 species), followed by Asteraceae (11 species). spectrum showed therophytes (71 species, 50.71%) as life form class, mega-phanerophytes (27 19.28%), nano-phanerophytes (15 10.71%), geophytes (10 7.14%), chamaephytes (9 6.42%), hemi-cryptophytes (8 5.71%). Leaf size classes comprised nanophylls (48 34.28%), microphylls (32 22.85%), mesophylls (22 15.71%), macrophylls (17 12.14%), leptophylls (12 8.57), megaphylls 5.75%), aphyllous (1 0.71%). Cosmopolitan prominent phytogeographic 17 pantropical Euro-Siberian Mediterranean Irano-Turanian (14 10%) each. pluriregional represented (13 9.28%), Holarctic Western Himalayan 6.42%) It is recommended that further needed map vegetation, its indicators, rare face a huge threat endangerment.